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The real ((:ˈʁjaɫ), meaning "royal", plural: ''réis'' or () ''reais'') was the unit of currency of Portugal from around 1430 until 1911. It replaced the ''dinheiro'' at the rate of 1 real = 840 dinheiros and was itself replaced by the ''escudo'' (as a result of the Republican revolution of 1910) at a rate of 1 escudo = 1000 réis. The escudo was further replaced by the euro at a rate of 1 euro = 200.482 escudos in 2002. ==History== The first real was introduced by Ferdinand I around 1380.〔()〕 It was a silver coin and had a value of 120 dinheiros (10 ''soldos'' or ½ ''libra''). In the reign of King João I (1385–1433), the ''real branco'' of 3½ libras and the ''real preto'' of 7 soldos (one tenth of a real branco) were issued. By the beginning of the reign of King Duarte I in 1433, the real branco (equivalent to 840 dinheiros) had become the unit of account in Portugal. From the reign of Manuel I (1495–1521), the name was simplified to "real", coinciding with the switch to minting real coins from copper. In 1837, a decimal system was adopted for the coin denominations, with the first banknotes issued by the Banco de Portugal in 1847. In 1854, Portugal adopted a gold standard of 1000 réis = 1.62585 grams fine gold. This standard was maintained until 1891. Large sums were usually expressed as "mil-réis" (sometimes "milréis") or 1,000 réis, a term often found in 19th-century Portuguese literature. In figures a mil-réis was written as 1$000, so that 60,000 réis would be written as 60$000 or 60 mil-réis.) In 1911, the escudo replaced the real. One million réis (or one thousand mil-réis) was known as a ''conto de réis''. This term survived the introduction of the escudo to mean 1000 escudos and is now used to mean five euros, almost exactly the converted value of 1000 escudos or one million réis (1 conto is approximately €4.98798). Coins and banknotes were also issued denominated in réis for use in the different parts of the Portuguese empire. See: Angolan real, Azorean real, Brazilian real, Cape Verde real, Mozambican real, Portuguese Guinea real and São Tomé and Príncipe real. Brazil has revived the real as the denomination of its present currency. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portuguese real」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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